JK 

2.023 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



i|ajj.i Gknpjrigfft "tya 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



PRICE, 23 033WT! 



The Pennsylvania Voter 



A PRACTICAL GUIDE 



Voters and Election Officers in all Legal Elections. 



FULL PAGE AND MARGINAL HEADINGS. 



With an Appendix, Containing Acts Regulating 

Primary Elections, Nominating Conventions, 

&c, and Punishing Fraud Thereat, 

WITH OTHER RELEVANT MATTER. 



By S. M. RAYMOND, 

OF THE ALLEGHENY COUNTY BAR. 



PITTSBURGH, PA.: 

1885. 



K r 



IK*- 6 * 3 



Introductory Memento. 



This pamphlet is, of course, intended to fill a " long-felt want," 
and addresses itself to the task of preventing unqualified and dis- 
qualified persons from usurping the high privileges and under- 
mining the works of patriotic duty which the Constitution and. 
laws of Pennsylvania have granted to and imposed upon the 
" qualified, electors " alone. 

But no "practical guide" will make an election board either 
intelligent, efficient or honest, and every voter ought to know by 
this time that the election board is the weak link in our admira- 
ble election system. Voters too often choose men for election 
officers whom they consider unfit, through ignorance, stupidity, or 
moral obliquity, for any private employment. 

For this service the best men available should be selected, and 
no other kind. 

S. M. R 

Pittsburgh, May) 1885. 



"Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1885, by S. M. Raymond, 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



Words of Commendation. 



Chief Justice Mercur, of the Supreme Court, writes : 

"Accept my thanks for a copy of 'A Practical Guide, &c.' It deals with 
rights and duties which should be known by every citizen of the Commonwealth. 
I know no work which, in so few pages, gives as much valuable information 
to electors and election officers as is contained in this unassuming pamphlet." 



Judge J. W. F. White, of the court of common pleas, No. 2, of Allegheny 
county, says: 

"I have examined your pamphlet, 'The Pennsylvania Voter, &c.' The idea 
and plan are excellent — far better than a mere collation of the election laws — 
and it gives directions for performing duties not contained in the statutes. It 
should be in the hands of every voter and election officer." 



Judge John H. Bailey, of the court of common pleas, No. 1. of Allegheny 
county, says: 

"I am indebted to your courtesy for a copy of 'The Pennsylvania Voter.' 
I find it contains in compact form, in clear and concise language, and with due 
emphasis, what it is the duty of every voter to know. I cordially approve of 
what you say as to 'the weak place in our system.' If you can lead the elec- 
tors to see to the selection of better election officers, you will have done a 
good work." 

Judge John J. Wickham, president of the courts of Beaver county, says : 
"I have, as requested, examined your little work entitled 'The Pennsyl- 
vania Voter.' It is clear, concise, and practical, and, I am satisfied, will prove 
very useful to voters and election officers." 



Letter from Hon. Edwin H. Stowe, president judge of the court of common 
pleas, No. 1, of Allegheny county, as follows : 

"Pittsburgh, September i, 1885. 
"S. M. Raymond, Esq. : 

"Dear Sir : I have carefully examined your 'Pennsylvania Voter,' and con- 
sider it to be a correct compendium of the laws governing elections. 

"I think it would greatly conduce to the better carrying out of the election 
laws, if every election board in the State was provided with a copy. 

"Very respectfully, 

•'EDWIN H. STOWE." 



2 WORDS OF COMMENDATION. 

Hon. Thomas V. Cooper, chairman Republican State Executive Committee, 



"I have carefully examined your guide to the Pennsylvania voter, and find 
it correct, practical, and with its information more readily accessible than can 
be found in any other pamphlet or book. It is of great use to all interested 
in the conduct of elections and the rights of voters" 



Hon. C. S. Fetterman, chairman Allegheny County Republican Executive 
Committee, says: 

'Your pamphlet is worthy of its name as a practical guide to voters and 
election omcers. No book of the kind is before the public, and to improve 
upon this one in its special line would not be an easy task. It is clear, con- 
cise, and correct in its statement, and each statement is arranged to readily 
catch the eye of the reader. 

"It should be in the hands of every voter and of every citizen who is inter- 
ested in the purity of the ballot-box." 



From Hon. Thomas M. Bayne, M. C, Twenty-third district of Pennsylvania, 
who writes . 

"I have examined your publication, 'The Pennsylvania Voter,' and I have 
no hesitation in saying that it supplies a much-felt want. It presents in a suc- 
cinct and plain manner the rights conferred and the obligations imposed by the 
Constitution and laws on the voters of this Commonwealth, and if followed, 
will safely guide the voter and election hoard through municipal, State, and Na- 
tional elections." 



Hon. George S. Hart, president judge of the courts of Washington county, 
writes : 

"I have taken time to examine your 'Pennsylvania Voter' with some care, 
and the result is, that I think it is a very useful manual which ought to be in 
the hands of every intelligent voter in the Commonwealth, and in particular, 
of every election officer, for whom it is all that it purports to be, ' a practical 
guide in all legal elections.' 

"If all election omcers would carefully study this practical little summary 
of our election laws, 

'It would frae mony a blunder free them 
And foolish notion.' 

I hope, therefore, its circulation will be rapid and extensive." 



DUTIES AND RIG-HTS 

UNDER THE 

ELECTION LAWS 



ASSESSMENTS INCIDENT TO ELECTIONS. 

Each assessor who is required to perform any duties Act January 30, 
incident to the holding of elections should commence 
the revision of the preceding assessment on the first 4 ss ^tration ana 
Monday of June, of each year, and by visiting every 
dwelling-house, and making careful inquiry, shall tJjyjJJse house 
determine who, of those already assessed, are still in- 
habitants of his district, and if any such have died or 
removed therefrom he shall erase their names, and if strike off. 
he finds any male inhabitants twenty-one years old 
and upwards within his district who are not upon the 

preceding assessment, he shall add their names thereto Add to and 

1 1 i • i ij"i- assess - 

and assess them, and ascertain the ground of their claim to vote. 

claim to vote. 

When he has completed this work, he shall make Alphabetical 
out a complete alphabetical list of every male inhab- 
itant of his district, twenty-one years old and upwards, 
showing the full name, *'. e., the Christian or baptismal ^5tepVa?niyf s * 
name, and the family or sur-name, spelled correctly Speu correctly. 
and written plainly. Fall information as to each per- 
son named in the list must follow the name, showing 
whether a "housekeeper," if so, the street, number, ^nt ^House- 
court, alley, or the best designation that can be given er. e ??ccupation f 
of his residence, of what "occupation;" and if not a &c - 
housekeeper, his occupation, place of boarding, and 
with whom ; and if employed, the name of the em- 

(3) 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 

ployer. All these are to be designated by the word 
" voter " after each name. 

A naturalized citizen is to be marked "N." and 
exhibit his certificate, unless voting there two years. 
The letters a D. I." follow the names of those who 
have not, but will obtain their naturalization certifi- 
cate before the election. The letters "I. N" follow 
the names of such as are entitled, without previous 
declaration, and intend to be naturalized before the 
election. If the vote is claimed on age mark the 
name "age;" a new resident is marked "E." 

LIST OF NEW ASSESSMENTS. 

Another list. A complete and separate list of all new assessments 

\Ng\V £ISSGSS" 

ments. made by the assessor will then be made out, and both 

Return the . 

whole. the lists returned to the county commissioners. 



Mark them vo- 
ters. Mark the 
naturalized. 
Mark the " de- 
clared inten- 
tion." 



Mark toe inten- 
tion to become 
naturalized. 



Age. 

New resident. 



Added to tax du- 
plicate. 

List of taxables 
returned. 



Copy on elec- 
tion house. 



Claimants ad- 
ded. Properly 
designated. 

Residence, oc- 
cupation, &c. 

Show papers. 



FINAL ASSESSMENTS. 

The new assessments go on the tax duplicate of the 
proper district, and the other list is copied in dupli- 
cate and returned to the assessor who, before the first 
Monday of August, posts one copy on the front door 
of the election house, and retains the other for the 
inspection of residents ; to these lists new names of 
claimants of the right to vote may be added, marked 
thereon "C. V.," and an immediate assessment on 
each claimant made, and the particulars of residence, 
occupation, &c, noted as mentioned hereinbefore. 
Naturalization papers and certificates of intentions 
declared to be shown to the assessor. 



THE FINAL ASSESSMENT. 



Before sixtieth 
day. 



On the two secular days preceding the sixtieth 
day prior to the Tuesday next following the first 
Monday of November, the assessor shall be present 
at the election house from ten o'clock, A. M., to three 
o'clock, P. M., and from six to nine, P. M., of each of 
said days, to hear and act upon applications, to add 
eras 1 e eC Fm 1 ai , as- to, correct, or erase names, and make the final assess- 
ments upon persons added thereto. 



At election 
house. 



sessment. 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION" LAWS. 5 

Upon complaint made, the court will compel the Assessor and the 
assessor to perform his duties. 

REGISTRY LIST MADE UP. 

After the completion of this final assessment the Return to com- 
assessor shall immediately return this corrected, 
amended, and final list and assessment to the county- 
commissioners, under whose direction the REGISTRY Who make up 

i -i-i • -i and send out 

list, furnished to the election board, is made out ; registry list, 
and no vote will be taken by the election officers un- No unregistered 
less the name of the voter is found upon the registry unless proper 
list, unless he makes proof of his right by the written filed, 
or printed affidavits of himself and witnesses as spec- 
ified hereinafter. 

OVERSEERS OF ELECTIONS. 

Upon the petition of five or more citizens of any overseers, 
election district made to the court of common pleas, 
setting forth that the appointment of overseers of 
election in their district is a reasonable precaution to 
secure the purity and fairness of the election, two 
judicious, sober, and intelligent citizens of the dis- 0fdifferent , 
trict, of different political faith, and qualified to sit ties - 
on the election board, will be appointed to supervise 
the election from the opening of the polls to the seal- 
ing up of the ballot-box, without hindrance from the 
election board, and with power to challenge, interro- Their general 
gate, and examine persons and papers. The over- authority ' 
seers are sworn, and will sign all the returns, or as- 
sign reasons for not doing so. The election officers Not to be inter- 
and all persons are forbidden to interfere with the 
overseers, or prevent them from performing their 
duties under a penalty of fine and imprisonment. 

Overseers of election serve without pay. No pay. 

UNITED STATES SUPERVISORS. 

Supervisors by the Circuit Court of the United see the revised 
States and deputy marshals by the marshal of the united states. 
United States may be appointed whenever repre- 



6 THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 

subject, "Eiec- sentatives in Congress are to be elected: the first 

tive Franchise." . ° . 

named to supervise the election, challenge, examine, 
and inspect parties and papers, and remain with the 
election board from the opening to the close of their 
business, and the marshals to keep order, and support 
the supervisors in their duties. 



Election days. 



Special elec- 
tions. 



ELECTION DATS. 

The general election is held on the Tuesday next 
following the first Monday of November. City, ward, 
borough, township, and school elections are held on 
the third Tuesday of February. 

Elections for special purposes may be ordered by 
the General Assembly and by the courts, to be held 
on other days. • 



Election district 
and house. 



* See Appendix, 
page 23. 



The designated 
house. 



No changing, 
except from ne- 
cessity. 



Ample notice 
must he given. 



ELECTION DISTRICTS AND HOUSES. 

The court of quarter sessions determines the terri- 
tory and bounds of election districts, and designates 
the. election house or polling place therein.* The 
proclamations of sheriffs of the general election men- 
tion the designated house, and the election, to be valid, 
must be held there, unless necessity, not convenience, 
but necessity, compels the election officers to open, 
the polls at, or after being opened, to change the polls 
to another house. When the house is thus changed 
the election officers should provide for ample notice 
of the change to every qualified voter who approaches 
the designated house. 



Hours of elec- 
tion. 



In constant at- 
tendance. 
No ahsence of 
election officers 



Or electioneer- 
ing, or hobnob- 
bing. 



ELECTION HOURS. 

From seven o'clock in the morning until seven 
o'clock in the evening the polls must be open and 
the election officers in constant attendance. No mem- 
ber of the board should absent himself from the room 
where the ballot-boxes are, for any purpose other 
than casual, personal comfort. Their meals should 
be eaten in the room. They should wholly refrain 
from electioneering or hobnobbing with political 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 7 

workers. They should avoid giving any cause for caSar^wife! 6 
even suspicion of being the tools of anybody. 

ELECTION OFFICERS. 

At the February election in every voting district Election of. 
each qualified elector votes for one qualified elector p n e judge, two 
for judge of election, and one, qualified elector for in- votcr^otfngfor 
spector of election, and the two persons having the one * 
most votes for inspector of election are chosen re- 
spectively as majority and minority inspector; if a 
judge and two inspectors are thus chosen they con- Each inspector 
stitute the district election board for the term of one clerk, 
year, with the right in each inspector of appointing 
one qualified elector of the district as clerk of election. 

T . . . , In township 

In township elections if there is a tie in the vote elections, act of 

1 ... 13 June, 1840, sec- 

for judge the majority inspector then chosen shall tio £ three, tie 
appoint a judge. 

VACANCIES ON THE BOARD. 

If the minority inspector does not attend on elec- Vacancies on 

i -ii n tne morning of 

tion morning;, the person who received the second the election. 

• * - -i t Act of July 2,1839 

highest vote for judge at the preceding election will par sixteen, 
take his place ; if the majority inspector does not at- Minority inspec- 
tend, the judge shall appoint in his stead ; if the judge spector, judged" 
does not attend, the majority inspector shall appoint a 
judge in his stead ; and if anv vacancy continues 

. . . _ , Vacancy for one 

until eight o clock, the qualified voters present at the hour fined by 

i ■ attending vo- 

votmg place shall elect one of their number to fill ters. 
the vacancy. 

The place of a non-attending clerk will be filled by Non-attendance 
the inspector appointing him, or, in the inspector's ofclerk - 
absence, by the acting inspector. 

TERMS OF SERVICE. 

The terms of judges and inspectors run from their Termsofeleo . 
selection or appointment, and that of the clerks from tlon officers - 
their appointments by the inspectors, respectively, 
until the separation of the board at the close of the 
February election : Provided always, That they sever- Provided. 
ally attend to their duties. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 



CAPABILITY AND HONESTY. 



Who should be The election laws were intended to be administered 

chosen election . . 

officers. by intelligent, efficient, and honest officers, and when 

efficient, and 11 ' so administered the Pennsylvania system will prove 
itself admirably devised. The election board is spe- 
cially the weak place in our system, because the voters 
think anybody, however stupid and ignorant, can 
The best men. manage an election. The best qualified voters of the 
district who are eligible should be put on the board. 

ELIGIBILITY. 

who are eligible ^ person wno is or who, within two months, has 

as election offi- l ' ' 

cers - been the holder of an office, appointment, or employ- 

constitution, ment under the United States, the State, any city 

article eight,sec- 1 . . 7 J ". ' 

tion fifteen, act countv, or municipal board, commission or trust, is 

of May 15, 1874. - ' 1 7 ' 

Neither Nation- eligible, except justices of the peace, alderman, nota- 

al, State,county, & ' 1 J . . . . 

clmi boSd^&c r ^ es P u ^ c ; an( ^ persons in the militia service ; and no 
one can serve as an election officer, and at the same 
time be eligible to anv civil office then to be filled, 



cipal boards, &c 
Exceptions 



certo e bea^aii-" " save only to such subordinate, municipal, or local 
tionsf' xcep offices, below the grade of city or county offices, as 
No such law shall be designated by general law." The General 

Assembly have not designated these offices, 
school director. A school director is a competent election officer ; 
jSd2e S SSn5ec- and a candidate for a township office, or for judge or 
tor - inspector of elections, is competent to serve at his 

own election. 



ELECTION MORNING. 

tnV'piace b e efo°Je Tne election officers should assemble at the elec- 
BTiiot-boxe C s k ' ti° n room before seven o'clock, and have the ballot- 
&c - boxes, blanks, stationery, &c, there also. 

Their first duty is to take and subscribe the proper 
Be sworn. oaths ; the minority inspector, or, in case of his ab- 

sence, the nearest justice of the peace, or alderman, 
administering the oath to the judge, and he to all the 
open and burn others, (overseers included, if any.) They will then 

the < 
papers. 



ection open the ballot-boxes and destroy, by burning, their 



DUTIES AND EIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 9 

entire contents, (excepting, however, at the February Except registry 

s ,. , . . , list at February 

election, the registry list, which is to be taken out election, 
and used,) arrange and mark the ballot-boxes, one Mark boxes, 
box for each kind of ballot to be cast, to wit : 
"State,'' "Judiciary," "County," or what not, ar- 
range an opening in the window, or other convenient so^to^lceile 
place, outward, and promptly open the polls at seven 55^. s rom ou 

i T -, Open up at 

O Clock. seven. 

ON DUTY. 

The inspector designated by the judge to keep the nate? e <m!ui- 
registry should be prompt in responding to the call the regisS-y^ 6 
of the inspector who is receiving tickets at the wm_ The other takes 
dow. When a name is called, he should repeat the the tickets - 
name, and add, registered, or not registered, as the case 
may be. If the person is registered, unchallenged, nof registered, 
and well known as a qualified voter, his ballot is re- 
ceived, the number called out. each ticket for the Number each 

' ticket. 

several boxes numbered alike by the receiving in- ^^St? 16 and 
spector, and his name and number entered on the 
lists of voters by the clerks, who each keep a list 
and repeat the name and number to insure accuracy, ^thJcSS 
and the name of every voter, and every ticket re- 
ceived, will be called, repeated, numbered, and de- And likewise 
posited throughout the election. ceived. 

If the claimant of a right to vote is not registered, 
or, if registered, is challenged, or if delay arises f rom An unregistered 
not producing all the papers the board desires to in- or defaySP 

, ,, i . . . voter must take 

spect, or any other proper cause, the receiving in- back his ballots, 
spector should hand back the ballot ; he is not cus- 
todian or ticket-holder, and should not hold a ticket 
longer than is required to learn whether the ballots S s pectoi^to g 
will go into the box promptly, or be delayed in their fromtShand 
passage from the hand of the claimant through his properboxes, 6 

, , -i -I not to hold 

Own to the box. them. 

• If the claimant is not registered, he must come 
before the board, and bring at least one qualified The unregis- 

7 ° ^ tered claimant 

elector as a witness, and there make full proof, by m r ™* f ™f jg^ 
written or printed affidavits, subscribed and sworn to, ri ^ ht - 



10 THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 

w?tnlSaffida- d an( ^ the j urat attested by an election officer, (usually 
Vlts - the judge,) setting forth his legal qualifications as a 

voter. No election board should be satisfied by 
simply reading over the formal oath to the claimant, 
Sand^hat he*" or ^ s witnesses, but should examine and interrogate 
swearJto? them, to see if they understand the meaning of the 
see that he does. worc [ s use( j } n the same sense as the law interprets 
Bodily presence them. Most unlearned men understand residence as 

not residence. 

bodily presence only. Let the officers keep the 
officers to un- qualifications of voters, as hereinafter discussed, fully 
business. eir before their minds when examining claimants and 

witnesses. 

If the claimant, though registered, is challenged, 
man must make he must make the same thorough proofs as the un- 

same full proofs . , 

registered, persons. 
cSfeaffor^make ^ tax-receipts are called for, and are not produced 
regular proof. \^j t ne claimant, he must make the same proofs that 

are required of the unregistered, 
ca^e^naturai^" Naturalized voters must produce their papers, un- 
votersfiveye S ars ^ ess voters in that district continuously for five years ; 
Proofe e re<fufred if paper not produced the other fact must be proved, 
voting o^pa- 8 and this applies as well to sons voting on the natu- 

rents' citizen- -,• ,. £ , 

ship. ralization paper or parents. 

The best way to prove the fact is : take the regu- 
lar blanks, and add for claimant and witness, " and 

added to regular that said * . *. * h as voted in this 

election district consecutively for five years immedi- 
ately preceding this election." 

A PERSONAL VOTE. 

mustpersoSaiiy Every voter must hand his ticket to the inspector 
in frim s the kets at the window, from the outside, and the inspector 
outside. mngt nQt rece i ve any tendered in any other manner 

or place. 

BAD SPELLING ON THE REGISTRY. 

Misspelled If the resristrv inspector finds the name called 

name and reg- ° u L 

istry. differs from that on the registry, by reason of pro- 

nunciation or spelling, or wrong initials, it becomes 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 11 

a question of identity. The board should be satisfied ^entity° f 



identity. 
Call o] 
sessor 

istry, and should call on the assessor for information. 



that the claimant is the person intended by the reg- c 



CHECK EACH VOTER. 

When the registered voter votes, his name on the 
registry is checked with a " v," and when an unreg- c ec W1 
istered person votes, his name is added in the proper 

1 l L Add to registry, 

place and marked "tax," if he is twenty-two years, and mark "tax" 

r 1 ., ^ - or "age." 

and upwards, of age; and marked " age," if he claims 

to vote on age. The clerks will add the same words, The clerkg like . 

(" tax " and " age ") after the same names on the list Wlse ' 

of voters kept by them. 

SAVE TIME. 

The clerks should write or fill out the necessaiy cierks make 
affidavits and proofs- while the judge and inspectors ° l 
are examining the claimant and his papers, wit- 
nesses, &c. 

WHO SHALL DECIDE, A1VD HOW. 

The right to decide questions belongs to the in- 

i • p i t -i -ni-1 i Agreeing, the 

spectors, but it they disagree the nidge decides and inspectors de- 

1 7 * i jo cide questions ; 

ends controversy. All questions should be duly if not,the judge. 

considered, and decided according to the law, and 

not by personal feeling or partisanship. The oath p a °rtfs e an^Sip r 

taken by election officers ought not to be violated. Commit no 

Willful perjury is a serious crime against a man's pe ^ ury - 

own moral nature, even though never reached by the 

law's penalties. Let no one vote who is not entitled Accept none. 

to do so bylaw and reject no vote that is so en- Re - ectnone 

titled. 

PROOFS. PROOFS. PROOFS. 

Election officers must take the proofs required by Read and prac- 

-i i -1-I- . « -.li -ii tice the remarks 

law where the claimant is not registered, or is chal- on proofs, 
lenged, or cannot produce all the papers that the 
board have a right to see, whether challenged, regis- 
tered, or what not. No matter what they think 



12 THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER 

about the matter, the act of Assembly declares that 

Must be taken, 

preserved, the proofs must be taken, preserved, and returned 

returned. x . 

with the rest of the papers. Their oaths require it. 

The courts hold it absolutely essential, and a fine of 
hundre<?do]iars ^ ve nun dred dollars and one years imprisonment, 
imprisonment, threatened in default, emphasize that they must obey 

Obey the law. the law. 

REQUIRE WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES. 

Read the sec- The tenth, eleventh, and twelfth sections of the 

tions. ' 

act approved January 30, 1874, prescribe this duty, 
use the blanks, a copy of which act, and the printed proofs for fill- 
ing out and swearing to, are furnished at each elec- 
tion. 

THE REQUIRED WITNESS. 

The witness Whenever the election laws require a witness to be 

at^hat election* 1 a " qualified voter " or elector in making proof of resi- 
m havVa right dence, &c, it means one who has voted or has a right 
to vote on that day, at that election, in that district. 
Any number of others may be sworn and examined, 
but " at least one qualified voter" means one who has 
already voted or has a right to vote there. 

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE BOARD. 

Only "qualified 

bo e ard rs " onthe A ^ mem °ers of the board, including the clerks, 
must be "qualified electors" of the district where 
they act. 

PROPERLI FOLDED TICKETS. 

Refuse tickets 

imprope^iy er ° r The receiving inspector should receive no tickets 

folded. t - e( j together, or folded into each other, or tickets so 

folded that the kind of a ticket, to wit: "State," 

" County," " Judiciary," or whatever it may be, is not 

the only visible printing or writing. 

ONE VOTER— ONE BALLOT. 

Too many 

Ketnrn them. Where more tickets are handed in than are to be 

Errordis- voted, they are all immediately to be returned, and 

if the error is not discovered by the inspector until 



or 

so to do 






one man. 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 13 

he lias distributed some of them to the boxes, the 
balance should be handed back, and if refused, 
thrown out of the window. No further tickets can ?„ ®^°5f for 
be taken from such person at that election to make 
up the deficiency. 



QUALIFICATIONS OF ELECTORS. 

" Every male citizen twenty-one years of age " has constitution of 
the right to vote at all elections, if — Twenty-one 

years of age. 

First He is a citizen of the United States for one citizen of the 

L nited States. 

month. 

Second. He has resided in the State one year, or Resident of 
having been a former qualified elector, or native-born 
citizen, has removed therefrom and returned, then fiction thirteen,' 
six months, immediately preceding the election. Son. 6 

Third. He is a resident of the election district two Residentofdis . 
months immediately .preceding the election. 

Fourth. He has, if twenty-two vears old and up- 

_ . J . , . Paid taxes. 

wards, paid a btate or county tax within two years, 

which, was assessed at least two months, and paid at twenty-two. 

least one month before the election. 



WHEN TWENTY-ONE YEARS OLD. 

A minor becomes of age on the day prior to the when of age. 
twenty-first anniversary of his birth. 

If born on March 1, and the twenty-first anniver- 
sary falls in a common year, he is of age the first mo- Examp i e . 
ment of February 28, and it would be the same if 
born on February 29. 

CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

"All persons born or naturalized in the United Whoarecitizen9 
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof. a re ofUnitedStates - 
citizens of the United States and of the States wherein 
they reside ;" and children born abroad, whose parents natSlS?atioi y 
are citizens, are citizens, but this privilege descends 
no further to non-residents. 



14 THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 

NATURALIZATION PAPERS. 

naturaifzation ^he courts issue naturalization certificates under 
their seals — -these must be produced to the board, and 
Ml i s tJ e genuine if genuine, are conclusive. The identity of the person 
cai person. named in it and the one presenting it must not be 
Minors made uncertain. Such certificates granted to the father, 

citizens. . 

or, if he be dead, to the mother, in the minority of the 

foreign-born children, make them citizens. 
tiflcates° w cer " The certificate must be produced and indorsed by 
teav^&c. 1 *''™" the judge showing that father or son voted thereon, 

and which of them, and when and where, unless sat- 
Five years isfactory proof is made that the person has voted at 

the same polls continuously for five years. 



voting. 



RESIDENCE. 

Residence in 

state and dis- The res ia ence required in State and district differ 

only in length of time — in every other particular they 

Residence a fact are identical. Residence, in both cases, means the 

and an intent. . . 

having a domicile, abode, dwelling, home, either with 

others or alone, where a man actually and personally 

Actual abiding abides, with the intention, so far as he sees, knows, or 

&06S TiOt UlElJiG 

residence. intends, of spending his life and casting his lot and 

permanent habitation with those he finds living 
there. 

special purpose Actual abidinsr in State or district for a long period 

not residence. ° . L 

of time for a special purpose, a limited engagement, a 
temporary business, a certain period or fixed term, 
with the intention of departing when the purpose, en- 
gagement, business, or period has been accomplished, 
completed, or ended, establishes no voting residence. 

stranger to gain That a stranger may gain a voting residence he must 
actually abide for the required periods, and must 
have intended, when he took up his actual abode, to 
continue to actually abide for an indefinite period of 
time. 

presumption of The law presumes that he who comes into a strange 

law as to special -,„.-, -mi i j/i 

sojourner. place for a special purpose will depart when the pur- 



DUTIES AND EIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 15 

pose which called him there no longer requires his 
remaining. 

Those persons who have only temporary ends Not to vote, 
of their own to accomplish in a community have no 
business to attempt to control, by their votes, the 
elections of the community. 

"BIRDS OF PASSAGE" ARE NOT VOTERS. 

The floating, roving, unfixed, and non-resident No , and prevent 
population are not entitled to vote. 

SOME NON-RESIDENTS. 

A student coming to a college town for an educa- Example of 

, , . . t - -, those non-resi- 

tion only ; a teacher coming into a district to teach dent, 
public school ; a tenant who moves into a district for student 
one year or other definite period ; a laborer who comes Labored 
into district to do farm work for the season, to work cSpitiSist. 1 '' 
on a tunnel, a railroad, a building, to make fences, or And every other 
any other limited and determinable purpose ; a con- tempomryso- 
tractor who comes into the district to carry out his Journer * 
contract ; a city resident going to the country for the 
summer, or other definite period, unless it be made 
to appear that such person had a fixed intention of 
acquiring a permanent residence in the district ; and 
every man whose habitation is not so fixed in the 
district that he intends to return there whenever ab- 
sent in the general pursuits of life. 

VOTING ON AGE. 

A young man can only vote on " age" in the dis- voting on age 

» -. . i t ■ -i ii- • only in bis par- 

tnct ot his parental domicile unless being a native- ent's district. 

born citizen of the State, or made a citizen in his 

minority by his parent's naturalization, he has resided den?e fo?him- 

in the district where he offers to vote two months sel1 

alter coming of age. A minor's residence is the par- J|£®£ ifm| si " 

ent's place of residence, and when away from that he 



16 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER 



d^nce whin" must g a ^ n one of his own after coming of age. If 
SntSte tne y are non-residents of the State, he can never vote 
on age unless he was native-born, and must then re- 
side in the State six months after becoming twenty- 
one. 



Lost residence 
when lost by re- 
moval. 



Prospecting for 
a new home. 



Obtaining it. 



Residence lost. 



LOST RESIDENCE. 

When a residence is once gained it can only be 
lost by actual removal with the intention of such 
removal becoming permanent. 

To seek or prospect elsewhere for better chances or 
opportunities with the intention of permanent remo- 
val, if such be found, will not affect residence here 
unless the chance or opportunity is taken hold of, 
employed, or engaged in ; when this is done the resi- 
dence here is lost. 



Payment of 
taxes. 



Assessment. 



TAXES. 

As a qualification in voting the tax that is paid 
is a State or county tax of this State, and must 
have been paid to the proper collector or treasurer 
within two years, and prior to one month from 
day of election, but to avail anything it must 
have been assessed two months before the election 
day. 



TAX RECEIPT AND LOST RECEIPT. 

To be produced. The receipt for taxes ought to be produced, or a 
Conclusive if very satisfactory reason given for its non- production, 
signed by an If genuine, and signed by the proper collector or 
treasurer, it is conclusive evidence : but if not pro- 
Lost, destroyed, duced for examination the claimant must prove by 

or never re- . 

ceived. himself or other evidence that he paid the tax within 

the proper period to the proper officer, and that the 
receipt has been lost or destroyed, or that he never 
received any. 



DUTIES AND EIGHTS UNDEK THE ELECTION LAWS. 17 

The claimant who swears to losing, destroying, or PP en to sus P ic - 
never receiving a receipt for taxes is at once open to 

• • j -i , , -. Must make it 

suspicion, and must make matters very clear. clear. 

When taxes are paid by another person for claim- When paia by 
ant and afterwards repaid, or charged to claimant by another - 
his employer, or in a business account, the payment 
is proper, but if paid by candidates, or their political controlvote. 
workers, for the purpose of controlling the vote of 
claimant, the board should promptly and unceremo- 
niously decline to indorse the purchase by rejecting promptly reject 
the vote. 



INSIST ON FULL PROOF. 

Election officers have the right to require that sat- 
isfactory proof of the right to vote be furnished them 
by those claiming its exercise. If the claimant has a ^m™ eject n the" 
right to vote he can and ought to readily show it ; if vote - 
he does not make it clear reject his vote. The elec- The board deal 
tion board is only to administer rights and not to with favors'. 11 
grant favors. 

The board must not forget that political friends No rule that is 

, „ , . , , . , . 1 not for all. 

and toes are to be weighed in exactly the same bal- 
ance by them. 

QUALIFIED, BUT STILL DISQUALIFIED. 

He who purchases a vote, to be cast or withheld constitutional 
as he directs, or who gains that end through the me- pSFchlSngor 
diation of another, by cash, reward, anything of SSSfeTghtf sec- 
value, or promise thereof, as well as the voter who tloneight ' 
sells the control of his vote for such consideration, is 
disqualified from voting at the election, unless when 
challenged therefor the charge is denied under oath. 

But if the challenger offers testimony in support is the charge 
of the truth of the charge, the board must decide 
according to the weight of the evidence. dlnfe bt ° f evi " 

A voter convicted of violating any election law is a convicted vio- 
disqualified for four years. tion^ws 116 elec * 



18 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 



The experience 
of bettors on 
elections may 
not be a nappy 
one. 



BETTING ON ELECTIONS. 

While betting on any matter should be discour- 
aged, it may as well be made known that betting on 
elections does not disqualify a voter ; but while the 
act of Assembly is unconstitutional in so far as it 
disqualifies for election betting, yet the contract is 
void, and a misdemeanor where the fine will • be 
thrice the bet, and the poor authorities can sue and 
recover from the bettors or stakeholders. 



Counting the 
votes. 



Call office and 

name. 



Each clerk to 
keep count. 



Check and tally. 



Counts must 
tally. 



Put statement 
on front door. 



One ballot only 
or vote lost. 



Vote for enough 



Not too many. 



Bad spelling or 
writing on a 
ballot. 



The board to 
count votes as 
they find them. 



COUNTING THE VOTES. 

After the polls are closed, the inspectors, in the 
presence of the judge, clerks, and overseers, (if any,) 
will open a ballot-box, and, taking and examining 
ballot by ballot, will call aloud the office or offices 
and the names of candidates as they there appear, 
while each clerk, with a tally sheet before him, will 
write the name of each office to be filled and the 
name of each candidate for the office thereunder, and 
will check the votes for each candidate in blocks of 
five lines, and they will continue until all the boxes 
have been opened and the ballots counted. The 
counts on the tally lists must agree, or the ballots re- 
called over and recounted. 

When the tally list is finished, a statement of the 
votes cast should at once be posted on the front door 
of the election-house and announced to the by- 
standers. 

More than one ballot from the same voter in one 
box excludes the count of his vote. 

More names of candidates for any office than are 
to be voted for appearing on the ballot, exclude the 
count of the vote to any of the persons named for 
that office. 

Bad spelling or writing on a ballot ought not to con- 
demn it, if the words can, by reasonable endeavor, 
be made out. 

The board are not to supply deficiencies in ballots, 
or correct mistakes of voters. A ballot for " Jones " 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 19 

is not to be counted for John Jones, nor is " S. P- voters' mis- 
Jones " to get credit for a vote cast for S. H. or H. takes - 
P. Jones. 

EXAMINE ENVELOPES AND BLANKS. 

The blanks and envelopes sent out by commis- Blanks and en- 

, . pr> • " • t velopes. 

sioners lor election returns are sumcient guides to 
election officers, if they will examine them with a rections. 
view to understanding them. 

PAT OF THE BOARD AND RENT. 

If the election board, by reasonable diligence and Midnight ends 
application, can complete their work and disperse at 
or before midnight they are bound to do so. Thev Has the hoard 

. . , , been diligent? 

were chosen to their positions as honest men, and 
should not wind up their labors by purposely rob- 
bing the county of the compensation for an addi- 
tional day. 

If the additional time is necessary, however, they If necessary 
are entitled to draw pay therefor at the fixed rates ^t^tpu??' 78 ' 
per day. The judge will draw the pay for the board posel y- 
(and the rental of the house) upon 'the inspectors ^ gedrawsthe 
and clerks giving him written authority so to do. 



CERTIFICATES OF ELECTION AND TIE VOTES. 

At the February election the board of a township Election boards 
and borough, if there is but one election district, and°borough S s 
make out the certificates of election. If there isates. 
more than one district, the return judges meet to- 
gether and issue their certificates to those elected. 
These certificates are served by the constable. 

In elections for school-directors, certificates of school direc- 
election should be made to the school-board as well 
as to the person elected, and tie votes for directors Tie vote- 
are determined by the board of directors. 

In boroughs, the inspectors, in the presence of the Tie votes in 

• -i -i^i i i • i i • borough. 

judge and clerks, cast lots to determine the choice m 
case of a tie vote for burgess or town council. 



20 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 



Tie votes in 
townships. 



In case of a tie vote in township officers, the court 
of quarter sessions will appoint until the next elec- 
tion, except as to assessor and assistant assessors, 
who are appointed by the county commissioners. 



WHERE RETURNS GO. 

At the November election the various election 
precincts of each county send their returns to the 
with protnono- prothonotary's office ; and at the February election 
the returns for city elections are sent to that office, 
but those for boroughs and townships are sent to 
the clerk of the court of quarter sessions. 
The judges of The judges of the court of common pleas count 
the returning ' the votes and issue certificates for all elections ex- 
cept the borough and township elections in February. 



Where the re- 
turns are filed 



With clerk of the 
court 



The returns. 



To the judge. 



To minority in- 
spector. 



To the ballot- 
box. 



THE PAPERS COMPLETED. 

The papers, when all completed, are disposed of 
as follows : 

(a) To the judge, to be conveyed to the prothon- 
tary's office or that of clerk of quarter sessions, as 
the case may be. 

1. The return sheet, (in unsealed envelope.) 

2. A large envelope, (sealed and addressed.) 
Containing : 

One of the triplicate returns, in a sealed envelope. 
One of the tally lists. 
One list of voters. 
The oaths of the election officers. 
The oaths of those making proof of the right to 
vote, and of their witnesses. 

(b) To the minority inspector. 

One of the triplicate returns, in sealed en- 
velope. 

(c) The ballot-box is to contain : 

The ballots. 
The registry list. 
One tally sheet. 
One list of voters. 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 21 

One of the triplicate returns, in sealed en- 
velope. 

SEALING UP AND DEPOSITING BALLOT-BOX. 

When the proper election papers, as above stated, Fallot box 
have been deposited in the ballot-box, the signatures posited, 
of the election officers on a strip of paper should be 
placed across the box, the slides or tops of the 
boxes tied securely with red tape, and sealing-wax 
freely applied ; after which the judge and minority 
inspector will return the box to the place or person 
designated as its depository, or, if no place has been 
appointed by the authorities, then with the nearest 
justice or alderman. 

FINAL REMARKS TO VOTERS AND OFFICERS. 

Everything done in and about an election, the no tricks, no 
making up of returns, and disposition thereof, in where* about an 
violation of the election law, and every trick, deceit, prison go° r 
or piece of chicanery, attempted or carried out, prac- 
ticed upon voters, the election board, or on the re- 
turns, is a misdeanor and punishable by fine and im- 
prisonment, either by our statutes or at common law. 



APPENDIX 



CONTESTED ELECTIONS— CLASSES. 

a partial sum- First Class. — The Governor and Lieutenant Gov- 

mary of the act 

of 19th May, 1874, emor 

1*. L., 208. 

Classification. Second Class. — All other State officers, including 
Presidential electors. 

Third Class. — All law judges other than Supreme 
Court judges. 

Fourth Class. — All county, city, borough, town- 
ship, ward, school -district, &c, (excepting members 
of General Assembly.) 

Trial. 

Trial, first class. The first class, by committee of the General As- 
sembly. 

Second class. The second class, by the court of common pleas 

of Dauphin county. 

Third class. The third class, and also legislators, by the court 

of common pleas of the proper county. 

Fourth class. The fourth class by the quarter sessions court of 

the proper county. 

PETITION TO CONTEST. 

commence- The petition for contesting an election must be 

ceedings within filed within thirty days after such election. 

thirty days. J J 

NUMBER OF PETITIONERS. 

Numbers of pe- A petition in the second class must be signed by 
ciass 11618 ' 860011 at least one hundred qualified electors who voted at 

the election contested. 
Third class. One in the third class, by fifty such electors. 

Fourth class. One in the fourth class, by at least twenty -five of 

such electors. 

(22) 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 23 

CONSULT COUNSEL. 

As the foregoing is but a partial skeleton of the only a skeleton, 
law on contested elections, the candidate proposing 
to inaugurate a contest should, within the periods ^j nsult coun " 
above specified, consult with a competent attorney. 

CHANGE OF ELECTION HOUSE BY THE COURT OF 
COMMON PLEAS. 

Summary of the 

Any judge of the court, on petition of five re- £ ct L ^ f 2 ^ ne ' 1883, 
sponsible citizens setting forth that "owing to fire or 
impossibility to obtain the room, or any other un- 
avoidable cause," the election cannot be held at the 
place designated in the sheriff's proclamation, may 
designate some other convenient place and notify eepa » e6 - 
the constable, who shall in turn notify the election 
board and citizens as at a spring election, and be en- 
titled to like fees therefor, but the court will not 
make this change within three days of the election, 
unless the house has been destroyed by fire ; this act 
not applying to Philadelphia. 

SUPPLYING FALSE TICKETS TO VOTERS. Summary of act 

13 J une, 1883, P. 

Both at general and primary elections it is a mis- L -» 92 - 
demeanor, punishable bv fine and imprisonment, to Primary and an 

plpotioim 

supply a voter with tickets and falsely represent that 
they contain names which are not thereon. 

BRIBERY AND FRAUD AT NOMINATING ELECTIONS, 
CONVENTIONS, &c. 

A AT APT Full text of act 

JZ.1X j^Kj L 8 June 1881, P. 

L., 70. 

To prevent bribery and fraud at nominating elections, nomi- 
nating conventions, returning boards, county or executive 
committees, and at election of delegates to nominating con- 
ventions, in the several counties in this Commonwealth. 

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c, That hereafter, if a Bribery at nom- 
candidate for any office within this Commonwealth tmns^f^rimary 
shall, directly or indirectly, give, offer, or promise to 
give, or procure any other person to give, offer, or 
promise to give, to any elector any gift or reward in 



24 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTEE. 



money, goods, or other valuable thing, or any 



se- 



Punishment. 



Acceptance of 
bribe. 



Punishment. 



curity for the payment on the delivery of money, 
goods, or other valuable thing, or any office, emolu- 
ment, or employment, on condition, express or im- 
plied, that such elector shall cast, give, retain, or 
withhold his vote, or use his influence at a nominat- 
ing election or delegate election, or cast, give, or sub- 
stitute another to cast or give, his vote or use his in- 
fluence at a nominating convention, for or against 
the nomination of any particular candidate for nomi- 
nation, so as to procure such person to be voted for, 
at any election to take place, the person so hiring, 
procuring, influencing, abetting, endeavoring, or 
offering, either directly or indirectly, through others, 
their aiders or abettors, to procure the person to be 
voted for by such electors, shall be guilty of a mis- 
demeanor, and, on conviction, shall be sentenced to 
pay a fine not exceeding three hundred dollars and be 
imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. 
Section 2. If any elector, authorized to vote at 
any public election afterwards to take place within 
this Commonwealth for any office, shall, directly or 
indirectly, accept or receive from any person desiring 
to be nominated as a candidate for office, or from the 
friends of any such person, any gift or reward in 
money, goods, or other valuable thing, or any office 
or employment, under an agreement or promise, ex- 
press or implied, that such elector shall give or with- 
hold his vote for the nomination of such a person as 
a candidate for office at such election, or shall ac- 
cept or receive the promise of any person, that he 
shall thereafter receive any gift or reward in money, 
goods, position, or other valuable thing, if he will 
vote for the nomination of such a person as a candi- 
date for office, and shall thereafter vote for the nomi- 
nation of such person, he shall be guilty of a misde- 
meanor, and, on conviction, shall pay a fine not ex- 
ceeding three hundred dollars and be imprisoned for 
a term of time not exceeding three months. 



DUTIES AND RIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 25 

Section 3. If any elector shall, directly or indi- offer to sen 
rectly, offer to give his vote or his influence, at any 
nominating election, delegate election, or nominat- 
ing convention, to any person desiring to be nomin- 
ated as a candidate for office, or to the friends of any 
such person desiring to be nominated as a candidate 
for office, or to the friends of any such person, in 
consideration that for such vote or influence he is to 
receive any gift or reward in money, goods, or other 
valuable thing, or any office or employment, he shall 
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, 
shall pay a fine not exceeding three hundred dollars Punishment, 
and undergo a period of imprisonment not exceed- 
ing three months. 

Section 4. If any person, not qualified to vote Repeating, 
at a general election, shall vote at a nominating elec- 
tion held by any political party, or if any person 
shall procure, advise, or induce such disqualified per- 
son to so vote, or if any person shall vote at more 
than one election district, or otherwise vote more 
than once on the same day for the nomination of a 
candidate, or shall fraudulently vote more than one 
ticket for the same candidate at the same time, or if 
any person shall advise or procure another so to do, 
he or they shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on 
conviction, shall be fined not exceeding the sum of 
two hundred dollars and imprisoned for a term of Punishmsnt - 
time not exceeding three months. 

Section 5. In all cases where a person is elected Bribery of dei- 
or chosen, or shall act, as a delegate to a convention vlntions. con " 
to make nominations for offices, and shall receive, 
accept, or solicit any bribe in money, goods, or thing 
of value, or any office or position as an inducement 
to make or join in any nomination for any person 
to be voted for as an officer, or candidate for office, or 
shall, in like manner or for like reason, agree to ab- 
stain from voting for any particular person, shall be 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall 
be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than one 



26 



THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER 



or: 



Punishment, hundred dollars and be imprisoned not exceeding 

three months. 
Bribery of exec- Section 6. An j person elected, chosen, or acting 
u * return SoaSu as a member of the county or executive committee 
of any party, or as a judge of a return board to 
count up and cast the votes polled at a primary 
election, held to make nominations for office, or any 
person appointed a clerk of such return board, who 
shall, directly or indirectly, accept, receive, or solicit 
money, office, appointment, employment, testimonial, 
reward, or other thing of value, or the promise of 
all or either of them, to influence his vote or action 
in the discharge, performance, or non-performance of 
any act, duty, or obligation pertaining to such office, 
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on convic- 
tion thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not 
more than one hundred dollars and to be imprisoned 
for a time not exceeding three months. 

Any person or persons who shall, directly or in- 
directly, by offer or promise of money, office, ap- 
pointment, employment, testimonial, reward, or other 
thing of value, or who shall, by threats or intimida- 
tion, endeavor to influence a member of a county or 
executive committee of any party, a judge or clerk 
of any return board, in the discharge, performance, 
or non-performance of any act, duty, or obligation 
pertaining to such office, shall be guilty of a misde- 
meanor, and, on conviction thereof, shall be sentenced 
to pay a fine of two hundred dollars and to undergo 
imprisonment not exceeding six months. 
Appeoved — June 8, 1881. 



Punishment. 



Offers of bribes. 



Punishment. 



REGULATIONS OF PRIMARY ELECTIONS AND PRE- 
VENTION OF FRAUDS THEREAT. 

AN ACT 

Full text of act To regulate the holding and to prevent frauds in the primary 
29 June, 1881, P. elections of the several political parties in the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania. 

SECTION 1. Be it enacted, &c, That from and after 

the passage of this act it shall be lawful, and it is 



DUTIES AND EIGHTS UNDER THE ELECTION LAWS. 27 

hereby made the duties of the judges, inspectors, officers must be 

-in! no r -, sworn at all 

and clerks or other officers of the primary elections, meetings for 

1 J 1 nominating 

meetings, or caucus held for the purpose of nomin- purposes before 

° 7 . acting, and sub- 

ating candidates for State, city, and county offices |JJj ^JJ| S3V " 
within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, before 
entering upon the discharge of their duties, severally 
take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the 
presence of each other, in form as follows, namely : 

" I (A. B.) do that I will, as judge, inspector, 

or clerk (as the case may be) at the ensuing election, Form of oaths, 
impartially and faithfully perform my duties in ac- 
cordance with the laws and Constitution of the Com- 
monwealth of Pennsylvania, and in accordance with 

the rules and regulations adopted by the ■ 

party of , county of , for the govern- 
ment of the said primary elections, meeting, or cau- mm^ter^be 1 
cus to the best of my judgment and abilities." rphe oaths ' 
oath or affirmation shall be first administered to the 

. t -, c t • t i • n Judge may ad- 

judge by one ot the inspectors, then the judge so minister oaths 

qualified shall administer the oath or affirmation to sous - 
the inspectors and clerks, and may administer the 
oath to any elector offering to vote as to his qualifi- 
cations to vote at such election. 

Section 2. If any judge, inspector, clerk, or other Penalty for ac . 
officer of a primary election as aforesaid, shall pre- inspectorfclerk, 
sume to act in such capacity before the taking and ^itbSS being 1 ' 
subscribing to the oath or affirmation required by Inscribing the 
this act, he shall, on conviction, be fined not exceed- oath " 
ing two hundred dollars, and if any judge, inspector, 
clerk, or other officer shall willfully disregard or vio- 
late the provisions of any rule, duly made by the M 

said party of county for the govern- ™rt SO e 

ment of the primary elections of the party, he shall, 
on conviction, be fined not exceeding two hundred 
dollars ; and if any judge or inspector of a primary 
election shall knowingly reject the vote of any per- 
son entitled to vote under the rules of. the said Receive and re- 

P ar ty, or shall knowingly receive the vote of to C the C ruiesof 

any person or persons not qualified as aforesaid, epary - 



28 THE PENNSYLVANIA VOTER. 

shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding two Iran- 
No cheating dred dollars; and if any judge, inspector, clerk, or 

defacing ballots, ,-> ^ » . -. . » • -i i -n 

destroying bai- other officer ot a primary election, as aforesaid, shall 
boxes, false be guilty of any willful fraud in the discharge of 

counting, false , . ■ ° . J . / . . . . . _ . ° _ . 

returns, orany ins duties, by destroying or defacing ballots, adding 

other fraudulent ' J J & & ' ? 

device or ballots to the poll other than those lawfully voted, 

scheme. x J 7 

by stuffing the ballot-box, by false counting, by 
making false returns, or by any act or thing whatso- 
ever, the person so offending shall be deemed guilty 
of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be 
Penalty. fined not exceeding five hundred dollars or impris- 

oned not exceeding one year, or both, or either, at 
the discretion of the court. 

All acts, or parts of acts, of Assembly inconsis- 
tent with this act are hereby repealed, except in 
counties or cities where special acts are in force for 
the same purpose : Provided, That the provisions of 
this act shall entail no expense to the counties or 
cities. 

Approved— The 29th day of June, A. D. 1881. 

HENRY M. HOYT. 



PRZCB, 23 CEWTS. 



The Pennsylvania Voter 



A PRACTICAL GUIDE 



Voters and Election Officers in all Legal Elections. 



FULL PAGE AND MARGINAL HEADINGS. 



With an Appendix, Containing Acts Regulating 

Primary Elections, Nominating Conventions, 

&c, and Punishing Fraud Thereat, 

WITH OTHER RELEVANT MATTER. 



By S. M. RAYMOND, 

OF THE ALLEGHENY COTTNTY BAB. 



PITTSBURGH, PA.: 

1885. 



u 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

027 272 796 A 






